Migraine is one of the most common forms of headache. It occurs in waves in the form of migraine attacks. These are very intense, severe headaches that make normal everyday life impossible. Migraine is often accompanied by sensitivity to light and noise, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting.
The causes of migraines are not understood in detail. There appears to be a change in blood flow to the brain. The permeability of the vessels is increased and inflammatory messengers are released. This inflammation appears to irritate pain receptors in the brain.
Migraines are also caused by a disruption of the mitochondria (the power plants of our cells), which leads to a lack of energy.
Migraines are often triggered by certain triggers. The most common triggers include lack of sleep, stress, certain weather conditions, certain foods, and hormonal changes in women.
In a migraine with aura, an electrical wave passes through the brain before the attack. This causes visual disturbances such as double vision, flickering and the perception of flashes of light.
Migraines are usually treated with painkillers. Those affected also try to avoid triggers as much as possible. Rest, darkness and sleep also help during an attack.
Nutrients can support the treatment of migraines in several ways.
B vitamins
Vitamin B2 is important for energy production in the mitochondria, the power plants of our cells. Vitamin B2 can also protect nerve cells from oxidative stress and inflammation.
Initial studies indicate that taking vitamin B2 can reduce the frequency, severity and duration of migraine attacks. [1]
The B vitamins vitamin B6, folic acid (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 are needed to break down the toxic metabolite homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine damages blood vessels and nerve cells and can increase the tendency to migraines. A good supply of these B vitamins helps to keep homocysteine in a healthy, low range.
Studies suggest that taking vitamin B6, folic acid and vitamin B12 may reduce the frequency of attacks in migraine sufferers. [2]
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are an important component of nerve cell membranes. These fatty acids also have an anti-inflammatory effect and are needed to produce pain-relieving neurotransmitters.
A large meta-analysis concluded that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the duration of migraine attacks. [3]
Magnesium
Magnesium is important for the function of nerve cells and also promotes blood circulation.
In a migraine with aura, an electrical wave passes through the brain before an attack. This electrical wave appears to be favored by a magnesium deficiency.
Migraine sufferers appear to be more likely to suffer from magnesium deficiency than healthy people. When magnesium levels are low, the risk of a migraine attack is increased.
Studies show that magnesium can reduce the severity and frequency of migraine attacks. [4]
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 is crucial for energy production in the mitochondria. In addition, coenzyme Q10 is an important antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.
In studies, taking coenzyme Q10 was able to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. [5]
Conclusion: Micronutrients can be helpful for migraines
Nutrients can support the function and health of nerve cells and thus counteract migraines. Coenzyme Q10 in particular seems to be useful as an accompanying migraine therapy, since migraines are caused by problems with energy production.
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[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24867851/
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28526386/
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28665211/
