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Liver, heart, kidney & co – how healthy are offal?
Offal has been part of the diet for thousands of years and is still eaten regularly in many countries today.
When it comes to supplying essential nutrients, it makes a lot of sense to eat offal regularly. Offal is one of the most nutrient-rich foods there is. Compared to most other foods, it provides significantly more essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, trace elements and high-quality protein.
In our culture, however, offal has become a rarity. Today, we eat mostly muscle meat. Although liver is considered a delicacy, it is relatively rare to see it. Other organs are even harder to find.
For our ancestors, however, it was the other way around. They preferred offal such as heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, tongue, brain and other organs. Muscle meat was eaten last and was also the meat most likely to be fed to dogs.
What nutrients do offal contain? Each organ has its own nutrient profile.
liver
Liver is by far the best source of vitamin A. Liver is also rich in vitamin B12 and other B vitamins . 1
In our article about liver you will learn more about which nutrients liver contains and why it is so healthy.
kidney
Kidney is incredibly rich in vitamin B12. 100 g of beef kidney contains almost 5 times the daily requirement of vitamin B12! 2
Kidney is also a good source of vitamin B3, selenium , iron, zinc , copper, potassium and phosphate. It even contains some vitamin D.
Heart
Heart is one of the best sources of coenzyme Q10 . Coenzyme Q10 has important functions in energy metabolism and is also an effective antioxidant. The body can produce coenzyme Q10 itself, but production decreases significantly with age.
Heart is also rich in collagen and the amino acid glycine.
spleen
Spleen contains a lot of iron. 3 The iron in the spleen is heme iron, which has a much better bioavailability than plant-based iron. This means that the body can absorb and utilize it much better.
For this reason, it is difficult to meet iron requirements on a vegetarian or vegan diet. This is particularly true for women, as they have a higher iron requirement than men.
pancreas
The pancreas also has a lot to offer in terms of nutrients: it is very rich in vitamin B12 and vitamin B5. It also provides considerable amounts of selenium, phosphate and zinc. 4
Include more offal in your diet
There are many good reasons to eat more offal. The problem is that it is not for everyone. We are simply no longer used to eating offal and its taste and consistency are very different from muscle meat.
The heart and tongue are very beginner-friendly as they are also muscles, so if you want to try offal, this would be a good place to start.
Liver has a relatively strong taste of its own, but is still good for beginners. It is considered a delicacy. For this reason, it is relatively common to find it in restaurants. There are also many good recipes for liver. Liver sausage is also a good way to incorporate liver into your diet.
1 Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, raw Nutrition Facts & Calories (self.com)
2 Beef, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, raw Nutrition Facts & Calories (self.com)
3 Beef, variety meats and by-products, whimsy, raw Nutrition Facts & Calories (self.com)
4 Beef, variety meats and by-products, pancreas, raw Nutrition Facts & Calories (self.com)

Multivitamin Liver: These vitamins and minerals are provided by liver
Offal is significantly richer in nutrients than muscle meat. And of all offal, liver is particularly rich in nutrients. This is not surprising, as liver serves as a storage facility for many vitamins and minerals in the body. At the same time, it is low in fat and high in protein.
Nutrients in liver
The following nutrients provide a good overview of vitamins and minerals in beef liver: [1]
Micronutrient
Content per 100 g
% of the recommended daily allowance [2]
Vitamin A
4.9mg
544
Thiamine (vitamin B1)
0.2mg
18
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
2.8mg
224
Niacin (vitamin B3)
13.2mg
98
Vitamin B6
1.1mg
81
Folic acid (vitamin B9)
290ug
97
Vitamin B12
59.3ug
1482
Vitamin C
1.3mg
1
Vitamin D
49 IU
6
Vitamin E
0.38mg
3
Vitamin K
3.1ug
5
Calcium
5mg
0.5
iron
4.9mg
39
potassium
313mg
8
copper
5.8mg
784
magnesium
18mg
6
sodium
69mg
5
phosphorus
387mg
55
zinc
4mg
47
Vitamin A
Liver is particularly rich in vitamin A. It is also present in the active form, which the body can use particularly well. 100 g of liver provide enough vitamin A for several days.
Vitamin A has important functions in iron metabolism and the immune system. It also helps maintain vision and skin. [3]
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is only found in animal foods. Liver is particularly rich in this vitamin. Liver provides almost 15 times the daily requirement of vitamin B12!
Vitamin B12 is important for energy metabolism, the immune system and the nervous system. It also helps reduce tiredness and fatigue and is important for mental health. Vitamin B12 also has important functions in homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine is a toxic metabolic product and vitamin B12 is involved in its breakdown. Elevated homocysteine levels are harmful to the body and increase the risk of many diseases, such as thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. [4]
Other B vitamins
Liver is also a good source of other B vitamins , such as riboflavin (vitamin B2), folic acid (vitamin B9), vitamin B6 and vitamin B3.
Vitamin B2 is important for energy metabolism, the nervous system and iron metabolism. It also helps protect cells from oxidative stress.
Folic acid (vitamin B9) has important functions in the immune system and in cell division. It also contributes to normal psychological function.
Vitamin B6 is important for energy metabolism, the nervous system, the immune system and homocysteine metabolism.
Vitamin B3 is needed in energy metabolism and in the nervous system. It also contributes to normal psychological function. [5]
zinc
Beef liver is also rich in zinc . 100 g cover almost half of the daily requirement. Zinc has many functions in the body. It is important for skin, hair and nails. It also contributes to normal fertility and reproductive capacity and is needed for the immune system. It is also important for cognitive function. [6]
iron
Liver is also a very good source of iron. Iron is easily lacking in the diet. Women in particular often have problems meeting their iron requirements.
Iron is needed for the formation of red blood cells and for oxygen transport. It contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue and to normal cognitive function. Iron is also important for the immune system. [7]
[1] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169451/nutrients
[2] https://www.dge.de/forschung/referenzwerte/
[3] https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-Consumer/
[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28722952/
[5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31644020/
[6] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3724376/
[7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999603/

Autoimmune diseases: These are the nutrients you should pay attention to
In an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the body's own tissue. This leads to severe inflammation and, depending on the autoimmune disease, to various symptoms. The cause of autoimmune diseases is not clearly understood.
The most common autoimmune diseases include:
Psoriasis
Diabetes type 1
Rheumatoid arthritis
Crohn's disease
Ulcerative colitis
multiple sclerosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Graves' disease
Celiac disease
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Autoimmune diseases require an increased need for certain nutrients. The following nutrients are particularly important:
Vitamin D
Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effects.
Autoimmune diseases are strongly associated with a deficiency of vitamin D. A deficiency of vitamin D appears to promote autoimmune diseases. Conversely, there is evidence that supplementing with vitamin D could reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases. [1]
Omega-3
Omega-3 fatty acids also have an anti-inflammatory effect. For this reason, many experts believe that omega-3 supplements are useful for autoimmune diseases. In one study, omega-3 in combination with vitamin D was able to reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases. [2]
selenium
Selenium deficiency is common in autoimmune diseases and there is evidence that selenium supplementation may help with collagen diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. [3]
Curcumin
Curcumin is of interest in autoimmune diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. There are some promising studies in arthritis and ulcerative colitis. [4] However, further research is needed here.
zinc
People with autoimmune diseases often suffer from zinc deficiency . The reason for this appears to be the severe inflammation that accompanies autoimmune diseases. [5] Zinc counteracts the inflammation, consuming zinc and creating a greatly increased need.
Conclusion: Many nutrients are easily lacking in autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune diseases result in an increased need for certain nutrients. In many cases, this need cannot be met through food. To avoid consequences, it is important to compensate for nutrient deficiencies. Ideally, this should be done in collaboration with an experienced therapist.
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[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22776787/
[2] https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-066452
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30324883/
[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566522/
[5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29324654/

Medicinal mushroom Cordyceps: More energy, concentration and potency?
Cordyceps ( Cordyceps sinensis ) is a medicinal mushroom, also known as Chinese caterpillar fungus. In China, it is valued primarily for its energizing effect. It is also considered a natural aphrodisiac.
Cordyceps is a parasitic fungus that attacks caterpillars. It occurs naturally in the high plateaus of the Himalayas.
However, Cordyceps is now grown on nutrient media without caterpillars. This is not only less disgusting, but also makes it much more affordable.
The effects of Cordyceps are currently being scientifically investigated.
Energy and concentration
In traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps has been used for many years to increase energy. The mushroom is said to make you feel more alert, fitter, more energetic and to be able to concentrate better.
In mice, Cordyceps can actually increase energy production (ATP) in cells. [1] However, this has yet to be confirmed in humans.
Blood circulation
Cordyceps is also said to be able to promote blood circulation. Studies suggest that the mushroom may have a vasodilating effect by relaxing the smooth muscles of the vessel walls. [2]
Antioxidant effect
In cell culture, Cordyceps can increase the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. [3] This is an endogenous enzyme that has a strong antioxidant effect by neutralizing free radicals. It remains to be shown to what extent this is relevant for humans.
Antidepressant effect
Cordyceps has a high tryptophan content. Tryptophan is an amino acid that serves as a building block for the production of the happiness hormone serotonin. This could be an explanation for the mood-enhancing and antidepressant effects that the mushroom is said to have.
Immune strengthening
In traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps is also said to have an immune-boosting effect .
In fact, there is evidence that Cordyceps may increase the activity of certain immune cells and the production of antibodies. [4]
detoxification
Cordyceps is also said to be able to stimulate detoxification via the liver and kidneys, presumably by protecting these organs from oxidative stress.
Testosterone increase
In China, Cordyceps is used as an aphrodisiac and sexual enhancer. Studies suggest that the medicinal mushroom could stimulate the testicles to produce testosterone. [5]
Buy Cordyceps
When it comes to medicinal mushrooms, you have to pay attention to quality. This applies to food supplements in general, of course, but especially here.
Wild cordyceps, for example, is often contaminated with bacteria. Heavy metal contamination is also a common problem. In addition, many products on the market either do not contain cordyceps or are heavily diluted.
That's why you should definitely pay attention to high quality. This also includes a good price-performance ratio. The cheapest product on the market most likely doesn't deliver what it promises.
Viktilabs focuses on the best quality and maximum purity. We avoid unnecessary additives, our products are laboratory tested and are developed in Germany.
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[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17386115/
[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909570/
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16392009/
[4] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08923970701812332
[5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320503005952?via%3Dihub

Reishi – the mushroom of immortality and eternal youth
Reishi ( Ganoderma lucidum), also known as the shiny lacquer polypore, is known in traditional Chinese medicine as the mushroom of immortality, eternal life and eternal youth. According to reports, it can even make age spots disappear.
Reishi is a tree fungus that grows on dead tree stumps. It is hard, woody and bitter. Reishi is therefore not an edible mushroom, but a purely medicinal mushroom.
Medicinal mushrooms are said to have many positive effects. They are said to strengthen the immune system, inhibit inflammation and improve the intestinal flora. The β-glucans, triterpenes and polyphenols contained in medicinal mushrooms are said to be responsible for this.
Many other effects of Reishi are being scientifically investigated.
Immune strengthening
Reishi may have an immune-boosting effect. In studies, Reishi was able to activate B cells. [1] B cells are important immune cells that are responsible for antibody production.
Effect on the cardiovascular system
Studies suggest that Reishi may have a positive effect on cardiovascular health. There is evidence that it may lower cholesterol , blood sugar, and blood pressure . [2] [3]
detoxification
In traditional Chinese medicine, Reishi is used to detoxify the liver. The bitter substances and triterpenes contained in Reishi are said to stimulate the production of bile acid. [4]
Calming and sleep-promoting effect
People in Asia like to drink Reishi tea to relax and sleep better. Reishi is said to calm the nerves.
Effect on the intestine
Reishi has many anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which is why it may be useful for treating inflammatory bowel disease. [5]
Anti-allergenic effect
Reishi is rich in triterpenes, which may have an anti-allergenic effect. Studies suggest that triterpenes can reduce histamine release in mast cells. [6]
Complementary therapy for cancer
Reishi is said to be able to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. There is also good evidence that the mushroom could improve the response to chemotherapy. This is currently being scientifically investigated. [7]
Promoting concentration
Reishi is said to have a stimulating effect and it is believed that it could also improve concentration. There are also some studies examining the effect of Reishi on depression - with very promising results. [8]
Buy Reishi
When it comes to medicinal mushrooms, it is extremely important to pay attention to good quality. This is of course generally true for food supplements, but when it comes to medicinal mushrooms, there are particularly many black sheep on the market. For example, a study has shown that 75% of Reishi products on the market are fake. [9] This means that they contain no Reishi at all or only very small amounts.
Anyone who buys from just any supplier is literally throwing their money out the window. It should also be clear that high-quality products have their price. So pay attention to a good price-performance ratio and transparency in the list of ingredients and origin.
Viktilabs focuses on the best quality and maximum purity. We avoid unnecessary additives, our products are laboratory tested and are developed in Germany.
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[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12072151/
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28527898/
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31246442/
[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30673679/
[5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30814921/
[6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24948193/
[7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22696372/
[8] https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-017-0839-0
[9] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06336-3

Bitter substances: Bitter is not funny, but it is healthy!
Bitter substances are known to be very healthy. They are said to stimulate digestion and fight cravings. They are even said to have a positive effect on the skin, intestinal flora and cholesterol levels.
Bitter substances occur naturally in many foods. For example, in cabbage, leafy vegetables, herbs and spices. Most medicinal plants are very rich in bitter substances.
Bitter substances are a diverse group of different substances that taste bitter. Flavonoids, terpenes, polyphenols, alkaloids and peptides can have a bitter taste. 1
However, our food contains less and less bitter substances. Since many people find bitter unpleasant, bitter substances have been bred out over the years. A few decades ago, chicory or endive, for example, tasted much more bitter than it does today.
The reason why we find bitter unpleasant is that poisonous plants usually taste bitter. For this reason, children in particular have a strong aversion to bitter substances.
Adults do not perceive bitter tastes as intensely as children. Moreover, you can get used to bitter tastes and learn to love them. The best examples are coffee, beer and red wine.
Bitter substances can stimulate digestion
Bitter substances promote the production of digestive juices and enzymes. This begins in the mouth. When bitter substances bind to certain receptors in the mouth, this stimulates the production of saliva. In the stomach, it promotes the production of gastric juice. 2
In a similar way, they also stimulate gallbladder and liver function. 3
For this reason, bitter substances are said to help against constipation, flatulence and a feeling of fullness.
There is also hope for inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease. In one study, symptoms improved after taking bitter substances from wormwood root. 4 However, further research is needed here.
Bitter substances can curb appetite and counteract cravings
Bitter substances can stimulate the production of an appetite-regulating hormone called cholecystokinin. 5 The reason is that bitter substances are often toxic. The release of the hormone is intended to make us stop eating. This allows the body to concentrate on detoxifying the toxic substances.
That’s why bitter substances are said to be able to help with weight loss.
Consume bitter substances
Bitters are available in the form of drops, capsules, powder or tea.
If you want to avoid the bitter taste, you can take capsules. However, it is important to remember that the bitter substances cannot then bind to receptors in the mouth, which already stimulates the digestive process.
Bitter substances in the form of drops contain bitter substances in concentrated form. They are dripped directly onto the tongue and stimulate saliva production.
Bitter substances can be taken before or after eating. Before eating, they prepare the digestive tract for food intake. After eating, they are said to prevent feelings of fullness and flatulence.
When it comes to bitter substances, you should definitely pay attention to high quality and choose a preparation that does not contain any unnecessary additives.
The bitters drops from Viktilabs are free from sweeteners, preservatives, colorants, binding agents and allergens. They are manufactured in a German laboratory and tested for harmful substances. They contain a perfectly balanced mix of 21 different bitter herbs and plants.
Here you can find the bitters drops from Viktilabs.
Conclusion: Bitter is healthy!
We often find bitter taste unpleasant. But bitter substances can be extremely healthy. You can get used to bitter taste and learn to love it. Beer, coffee and red wine are the best proof of this. Preparations containing bitter substances are a good way to consume more bitter substances. In the form of drops, they can also help you get used to bitter taste.
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[ 1 ] https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/59/6/163/1934257?login=false
[ 2 ] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16710053/
[ 3 ] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923589/
[ 4 ] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17240130/
[ 5 ] https://www.jci.org/articles/view/36461

Vitamins for children: These nutrients should not be missing
A good supply of essential nutrients is extremely important for children. The growing body needs a lot of vitamins, minerals, protein and essential fatty acids for optimal development. A sufficient supply can support healthy bone growth and, above all, helps to ensure good mental development.
Because children are growing, they have a higher need for many nutrients in relation to their body weight than adults.
Unfortunately, many children do not eat a balanced diet. High-quality protein sources, vegetables, fruit and fish are often neglected. Instead, too much white flour and sweets are on the menu.
The EsKiMo nutrition study found that most German children do not consume enough essential nutrients through their diet. [1]
Parents should pay particular attention to the following nutrients in children:
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential and have many important functions in the body. In childhood, they are especially important for brain development. The supply of Omega-3 appears to have an influence on mental performance. [2]
It is crucial to rely on marine omega-3 from fish and algae, which are rich in the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
iodine
Iodine is important for the thyroid gland, among other things, because it is a component of thyroid hormones. In children, iodine is also crucial for mental development. [3] Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can have a negative effect on the child's IQ.
Unfortunately, the iodine supply in Germany is generally not good because the soil is very poor in iodine. Even the use of iodized table salt is usually not sufficient to ensure iodine supply.
Calcium
Calcium is an essential bone mineral that is important for bone strength. A calcium deficiency in childhood can promote osteoporosis later in life. During the growth phase, there is an increased need for calcium and a deficiency should be avoided at all costs. [4]
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is very important for the bones; it is needed for the absorption of calcium. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets, a deformation of the bones. A lack of vitamin D also promotes tooth decay.
In addition, vitamin D is essential for the immune system. [5]
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is also very important for the immune system. [6] Vitamin C is also an important antioxidant and is needed for the formation of collagen – the main protein in connective tissue.
Observational studies show that almost every second child does not consume enough vitamin C.
Zinc
Zinc has many functions in the body. Skin, hair and nails need zinc. In addition, the immune system cannot function without zinc. In children, zinc is also particularly important for growth, as zinc is needed for cell division. [7]
Conclusion: Children have an increased need for nutrients
A good supply of essential nutrients is extremely important for the growth and development of children. Unfortunately, children often miss out on many important nutrients. Parents should avoid nutritional deficiencies in their children at all costs, as these can also have a negative impact on their later health.
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[1] https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Gesundheitsmonitoring/Studien/Kiggs/Basisernahme/Eskimo/eskimo_node.html
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28969711/
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15755866/
[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15755866/
[5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28719693/
[6] https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4/full
[7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12036814/

Can micronutrients slow down the aging process?
We all grow older. This is considered an irrefutable fact. Is this really the case? It is not clear whether the aging process can really be stopped. However, many scientists are trying to better understand why we age. There are already many promising approaches that can at least slow down the aging process.
Lifestyle plays a crucial role here. Sleep, exercise and what we eat and when are just a few examples that can influence the aging process.
Micronutrients and secondary plant substances are also important in the aging process.
Essential nutrients with antioxidant effects
Oxidative stress caused by free radicals is suspected of accelerating the aging process. Vitamin C , vitamin E, zinc and selenium are important antioxidants in the body that can intercept and neutralize free radicals. They are among the essential nutrients that we must consume daily through our diet.
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 plays a central role in the energy in the power plants of cells, the mitochondria. Coenzyme Q10 is also an important antioxidant in the body. The body can produce coenzyme Q10 itself, but this ability decreases significantly with age.
Mitochondria play an important role in the aging process. Free radicals are produced during energy production, which can accelerate the aging process. Scientists suspect that a decline in mitochondrial function can accelerate aging.
In animals, coenzyme Q10 actually has a life-prolonging effect. [1] Unfortunately, this does not mean that this is also the case in humans, but it does give hope.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is involved in many metabolic processes and a deficiency is associated with many age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and dementia. [2]
The body can produce vitamin D itself when exposed to sunlight. However, the ability to convert vitamin D into the active form decreases significantly with age. Vitamin D deficiency is particularly common among seniors.
OPC
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) are obtained from grape seed extract. Like many plant substances, OPC has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
There is interesting data with OPC in terms of longevity. In a study with mice, injections with grape seed extract increased life expectancy by 60%. [3] That certainly sounds promising. But of course we don't know to what extent these results can be transferred to humans.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol is extracted from grapes. Red grapes contain significantly more resveratrol than white grapes. Resveratrol is the reason why red wine is considered so heart-healthy. Resveratrol has attracted a lot of attention in anti-aging science because it has a life-prolonging effect on many animals. [4] The mechanism is also quite well understood: Resveratrol can stimulate so-called sirtuins, which are also known as longevity genes.
Curcumin
Curcumin is the active ingredient in turmeric root, which is a popular spice. Curcumin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [5] Oxidative stress is known to accelerate the aging process. This in turn promotes inflammation, which promotes many age-related diseases, such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, dementia, cancer and diabetes.
Conclusion: Micronutrients should not be missing, especially in old age
A good supply of essential nutrients is essential for health. It is not clear to what extent nutritional supplements can really slow down the aging process in humans. However, nutrient deficiencies can promote many age-related diseases and should be avoided.
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[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29459830/
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31336506/
[3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332219305359
[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27781945/
[5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29065496/

Can cholesterol levels be improved with micronutrients?
Cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins) are among the most commonly prescribed medications. Elevated cholesterol levels are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
However, the topic of cholesterol is complex. Total cholesterol is not very meaningful when it comes to predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart attack. A distinction is therefore made between HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Colloquially, these are often referred to as "good" and "bad cholesterol". In fact, a high HDL level (50 mg/dl) seems to protect against cardiovascular disease. However, calling LDL cholesterol "bad cholesterol" is also an oversimplification. There are various fractions within LDL cholesterol and not all of them are problematic. LDL cholesterol can become dangerous when it oxidizes. This is one reason why oxidative stress increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This is because oxidized cholesterol is more easily deposited in the blood vessel walls. Especially if these are already damaged (e.g. due to high blood pressure ).
Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is a component of LDL and is a better marker than total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol when it comes to cardiovascular risk. [1] Unfortunately, Apo B is usually not measured by doctors as a standard procedure.
HDL cholesterol and triglycerides are other important markers. Triglycerides are also known as blood lipid levels. They should be below 150 mg/dl if possible. The ratio of the two is also important. [2] The TG/HDL ratio should be less than 3. A value higher than 3 indicates insulin resistance, which is one of the main causes of cardiovascular disease and is closely associated with it.
Bad cholesterol levels can have genetic causes. However, they are usually due to an unhealthy diet and poor lifestyle habits. A change in diet is therefore a very effective approach to improving cholesterol levels. But micronutrients can also have a supportive effect here.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor cholesterol levels. If vitamin D levels are low, taking vitamin D appears to be able to lower cholesterol. [3]
OPC
Oligomeric anthocyanidins (OPC) are extracted from grape seeds. They have an antioxidant effect and can therefore probably counteract the oxidation of LDL cholesterol.
Studies also suggest that OPC may lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. [4]
B vitamins
A poor supply of B vitamins , especially vitamin B6, folic acid (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12, leads to increased homocysteine levels. Homocysteine is a toxic metabolic product and the body needs B vitamins to break it down. Elevated homocysteine levels promote cardiovascular diseases and are associated with poor blood lipid levels (triglycerides). [5] B vitamins are also important for cholesterol metabolism. [6]
Antioxidants
Cholesterol only becomes dangerous when it oxidizes. That's why people with bad cholesterol levels should pay particular attention to a good supply of antioxidants. Important antioxidants in the body are vitamin C , vitamin E, zinc and selenium . These are essential nutrients that should not be neglected. Coenzyme Q10 is also an effective antioxidant. [7] The body can produce this itself, but production decreases significantly with age. In addition, cholesterol-lowering drugs (so-called statins) inhibit the body's own production of coenzyme Q10.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids have an anti-inflammatory effect and can reduce inflammation levels in the blood. They also have a blood-thinning effect.
Omega-3 fatty acids do not appear to lower total cholesterol. Some studies even suggest that they can increase cholesterol. However, they have a positive effect on the cholesterol profile and blood lipid levels, and that is what matters. Omega-3 fatty acids appear to be able to lower triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol. [8] So it is not without reason that they are considered heart-healthy.
Conclusion: Micronutrients promote a balanced cholesterol profile
Micronutrients do not necessarily lower cholesterol levels, but it is questionable to what extent this is desirable. A favorable profile of blood lipid levels and HDL cholesterol appears to be more important in terms of cardiovascular risk. Elevated LDL cholesterol levels can be problematic, especially when it oxidizes. A good supply of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins and vitamin D is crucial. If only because these are essential nutrients that are vital for survival.
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[1] https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-abstract/2753612
[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6516523/
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33143204/
[4] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.6518
[5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19276985/
[6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34002661/
[7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32318636/
[8] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32175534/